Randee

Presidential Personal Agenda Notes:
 * ====**Date**==== || ====**What I accomplished during class time**==== || ====**What I accomplished at home**==== ||
 * 3/3 || - started researching background information || - finished the research ||
 * 3/4 || - started researching //Marbury vs. Madison// || - read Jefferson book, finished notes ||
 * 3/7 || - made lesson plan w/entire group || - nothing, finished in class ||
 * 3/8 || - started presentation on powerpoint/smartboard || - sketched plan for presentation on my part ||
 * 3/9 || - worked on presentation ^ || - finished presentation, ready to present ||

Marbury vs. Madison -Judiciary Act of 1801 was passed by the Federalists in order to stay involved with the judiciary. -Midnight judges: the 16 new federal judgeships John Adams put in circuit courts the night before leaving office. -Appointments were made so late that documents that had authorized them weren't delivered by the time Adams left office. -William Marbury, justice of peace by former President Adams, demanded the documents that were not given to him before the arrival of Jefferson. -James Madison had refused to deliver them leading into a court case involving the Supreme Court. -John Marshall, a Federalist, established judicial review: the power to declare an act of Congress that is unconstitutional. -bottom line: Marbury vs. Madison was a case that helped establish the Supreme Court's power to check the power of the other branches of government. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-WukCXQLXx0&feature=related

Social, Political, or Economic? I believe in this particular situation, the case is strictly political because it is dealing with the government and the levels of federal courts.

Current Connection The case Marbury vs. Madison was the first decision made by the Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional in 1803. On April 21st of year 2010, the Supreme Court overturned the anti-animal cruelty law because it violated constitutional guarantees of free speech. In other words, it was another case that involved a law being over ruled by the Supreme Court because it was unconstitutional.

Bibliography
 * William Marbury vs. James Madison, Secretary of State of the United States. Supreme Court of the United States. 8 March. 2011. 
 * OYEZ;US Supreme Court Media. IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. 8 March. 2011. 
 * Marbury vs.Madison(1803). www.ourdocuments.gov. 9 March. 2011. 
 * Social Studies for Kids. 9 March 2011. 
 * Garden of Praise. Patsy Stevens. 9 March. 2011. 
 * JEFFERSON, Thomas. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 9 March. 2011. 


 * John Adams Presidency(2nd President)**

Goal: to review Adam's Presidency and to talk about presentations.

**Two political parties form**: - wanted a strong federal government - supported industry and trade - lived in cities - members were called Republicans - wanted to limit federal governments powers - famrers and lived in the country
 * Federalist Party
 * Democratic-Republican Party

- Adams won by 3 votes - runner up Jefferson - two different parties/way different ideas for government - many disagreements
 * Election of 1796 **


 * Even though British hurt America, they formed a good trade system. France, feeling lonely and rejected, started lashing out at America for not helping them w/their own revolution when they helped America fight against British to earn their freedom.

Events: - XYZ Affair - Alien & Sedition Act ( MOST IMPORTANT) - Convention of 1800 - National Bank Issues - Constitutional Issues

Davy Crockett, "Guidance of Politicians" “Guidance of Politicians” Criterion: 1. Decode the “Guidance of Politicians” into kindergarten definitions. 2. What can you infer about Davy Crockett’s priorities? 3. Generate a plan for being elected while doing the RIGHT thing.

One 1) Paragraph 1 Message: Make as many friends as you can, color everybody pictures, save swings at recess, and never say no. 2) Paragraph 2 Message: Give the bullies high fives; be nice to the mean people, & never be scared. 3) Paragraph 3 Message: Be like everybody else; don’t stand out, & impress the teachers by raising your hand. 4) Paragraph 4 Message: Make lots of pinky promises, give them your crayons, markers, scissors, etc., & do their homework for them. 5) Paragraph 5 Message: Answer every question like you’re a “big kid”. 6) Paragraph 6 Message: Be the line leader at all times. 7) Paragraph 7: Share your toys only when the teacher is looking, but when they look away, do as you want & go crazy.

Two In Davy Crockett’s mind, we think that he is only thinking for himself & will do anything just to be number one. Another way to put it is being arrogant and self centered. He doesn’t care if putting on a fake act will hurt the ones around him only if it’s benefiting his needs. His number one priority is to be elected & nothing else will stand in his way of achieving this desire. He has multiple personalities and chooses to hide his true colors in front of the millions of people who view him. Davy Crockett is living in a lie that is soon to come to an end.

Three List of all possible ways: 1) Be yourself & be true to who YOU are. 2) Help people because you want to, not because you have to. 3) Respect everyone; fear no one. 4) Participate in event/charities that you truly care for. 5) Act the way you would even if you weren’t up for election. 6) Always tell the truth because no one likes a liar. 7) Keep all your promises even AFTER being elected. 8) Do what’s right, not only for you, but for your country. --- =North & South=

__North Criterion__

 * Social: Determine the causes & effects of technology advancing. Give facts and reasons to support.**

Technological Advances
 * Cause || Effect ||
 * - Samuel F. B. Morse, an inventor during this time, studied electricity and magnetism to gain more knowledge for a further project. || - His invention that he created was called the telegraph: a device that could send information over wires across great distances. ||
 * - The telegraph sent surges of electric current through the wire. At the other end of that wire, the surges, or pulses, were changed into clicking sounds. || - Alfred Lewis Vail, Morse's partner, developed a system called the Morse code: different combination of dots and dashes that represent each letter of the alphabet. ||
 * - Companies began to build their factories closer and closer to the transportation centers and cities now that steam power has been created. || - This provided easier access to workers and allowed businesses to lower their wages. Reduced shipping costs also came into contact because of the arrival in cities. ||
 * - John Deere, a blacksmith, saw some of his friends struggling to plow their field with iron plows. || - He had thought that a steel blade would be a better fit and designed one for the problem. Success came with this, and in 1846 he sold 1,000 plows. ||
 * - Cyrus McCormick created an invention called the mechanical reaper; used to efficiently cut down wheat from the fields. || - Over one hundred-seventy bushels of wheat were produced in the year of 1860. U.S farmers continued this method, and had mutual success each and every year. ||
 * - New inventions such as the sewing machine, iceboxes, iron cook stoves, clocks, and safety pins were created throughout the 1830s. || - Life at home was more convenient for a large number of Americans and simply made it worth living. ||

In the 1840s, the wave of immigration hit America, making the competition for jobs of the unemployed increase in numbers. In New York City for example, there were about 500,000 workers that lost their jobs. With having low wages and the fear of losing their current jobs, concentrated workers formed trade unions, groups that tried to improve pay and working conditions. Now, if I was living during this time, I would join one of those unions to prevent myself from losing a job that was valuable to me. If I don't join the union, I could possibly lose everything I have ever owned and would have to start over new. We all know the second choice is an outcast, so we will stick with the first option. When I am officially in that union, I will become a leader with responsibilities and endless opportunities ( much like the President of the United States currently). My fellow workers and I will brainstorm ideas for new working conditions, such as opening a window every now and then, wearing gloves when working with the machines, and limiting work hours. By limiting the work hours, employers have a better chance of reaching a higher stamina for the following day by getting an extra hour or two to rest. Protests will be made to increase the chance of having a higher pay, even if it is by a few cents. If else fails, strikes, the act of refusing to work until employers meet their demands, will occur throughout the work arena. My expectations would be high of course, so me, myself, and I can make a change in history.
 * Political: How do you verify the reasoning for trade unions?**

The Industrial Revolution was life changing for the northerners in the United States. In the beginning of the 1700s, everything was made my hand and most people were farmers. Cities and populations grew and trade expanded over seas. The British mechanic, Samuel Slater, created many new processes and machines for the north. One of his famous was the the generation of textile mills, including the cotton thread for sewing clothing articles. Eli Whitney, an inventor, invented parts of a machine that are identical called interchangeable parts. Actually, his ideas from this still exist in today's society. Although there were many new ups from the Industrial Revolution, working conditions were intensifying and dreadful. Machines were run by entire families, including children (uncommon in today's life). If a girl's hair were to get caught in one of those machines, the result would be either a serious injury or possible death. Lungs of these workers were filled with penetrated cotton particles, creating an unpleasant sense in the room. But, because of all of their hard work, the North began to grow quickly, becoming one of the world's leaders in manufacturing. In my opinion, the impact of the event was HUGE on people and its economy. Money was becoming more frequent and shops/businesses began to make a living. Life of many were changed; some for the better, some for the worst. Overall, the Industrial Revolution was one of the most important events during this time, and will never be forgotten.
 * Economic: Explain the impact the Industrial Revolution had on America and state your opinion.**

__South Criterion__

 * Social: List the different classes of people and explain how people's perspective and actions were different towards each other.**

Class A: Planters Because these people were the wealthiest members of southern society, they decided to show off by living in beautiful mansions, owning thousands of acres of land. On this land included several different buildings were different work was done by all enslaved African Americans. It is apparent that these slaves experienced hatred or discomfort towards their owners mostly because they do not have the opportunity to receive freedom, a trait that all planters possess. In order to receive that one thing all slaves strive for, they have to disobey there owners and run away, risking their life for their number one priority. These actions take a toll on slaveholders, making them break out with more punishments and discipline towards innocent slaves. Obviously, the two unlike personalities are never going to reach the same status, and will constantly fight until one has achieved greater success or -- death.

Class B: Yeomen and Poor Whites Owners of small farms called yeomen, and white southerners contained a few to no slaves; took pride in every possible work aspect. Some people in this group believed that God created some people, like themselves, to rule others while some opposed many northern Christians' belief that God was for slavery. Slaves were still common among this class and were used in the same way they were for the upper, most valuable class. Actually, poor white southerners could not afford to grow their own cash crops let alone slaves, leading to the attempt to survive off of hunting, doing odd jobs for money, fishing, and raising small gardens. Even though the money was not as greatly involved in this picture, their is no doubt that slaves had no personal affection towards their owners and other slaveholders.

Class C: Free African Americans Although this race and religion does not have to work for certain "owners", they are still not accepted the 1860s American society. Their were limits on everything from schools, to businesses, and even voting for your leader of your country. This generation of human beings was looked down/frowned upon, just due to their skin color and/or religion. The white southerners had believed and argued that free African Americans did not have the ability to take care of themselves, using this belief to justify the institution of slavery. In other words, people of the same kind did not view each other the same way, and wanted/needed a rule to be put in stone about it.


 * Political: Discuss pros and cons of the slave system, and how it related to politics of this time.**

Slave System (In the Life of an Enslaved African American) How it Relates: Every citizen of the United States is offered the opportunity to learn how to read and/or write currently in America. Back then, slaves never had that option, nor if they were caught teaching one an other, one of the following punishments listed above would occur. It breaks my heart to see that certain states such as Alabama, Georgia, and Virginia allowed and passed these laws that went against enslaved African Americans abilities to become an educated well being. Slave codes were designed to control and stricken slaves' actions at this point in time. It is obvious that leaders or role models in these states had no feelings for the person behind all of the hard work. I am glad to know that America has accepted all sorts of types of races that exist today, even if that means old laws are abandoned for good!
 * Pros || Cons ||
 * 1. The slaves that were butlers, cooks, or nurses had better food, clothing, and shelter than in the field. || 1. Sickness & poor weather was not an excuse to not finish your work as an enslaved African American. ||
 * 2. Sometimes allowed to sell your services to other people. || 2. Most cotton pickers hands' had cut open and bled. ||
 * 3. Sometimes were granted/earned enough money to obtain freedom from slaveholders. || 3. Served hand and foot on family for 24 hours a day. (Worker's in Planter's Home) ||
 * 4. Expressed individuality and personality by using scraps of material and sewing them onto the plain cheap cloth that was given to them to wear. || 4. Viewed as property, not people. ||
 * 5. To encourage slaves' obedience, some planters offered more rations of food or better living conditions. || 5. Auctions have the potential to split your family apart or withhold together. ||
 * 6. Family was an important aspect of slave communities. || 6. Were often kidnapped when free; put into slavery. ||
 * 7. Expressed religious beliefs by attending or hosting spirituals: emotional Christian songs that blended African and European music. || 7. Poor living conditions contained dirt-floor cabins with few furnishings and often leaking roofs. ||
 * 8. Enslaved parents at this time would preserve their heritage by passing down family histories, African customs, and traditions. || 8. Types of punishments: whipping, put into stocks, wear irons and a chain to work, collars w/two horns attached so you couldn't lay down, dug a hole w/a door onto top & placed you in it for two to three weeks (potential death). ||
 * 9. Folktales, or stories told with a moral, were taught to teach kids how to survive during the hardships of living as a prisoner. || 9. Laws prohibited slaves from receiving an education. ||
 * 10. Slaves had a good attitude towards having faith, hope, desire, and freedom. || 10. More than 100 innocent enslaved African Americans who were not part of Turner's group were killed while trying to stop the Nat Turner Rebellion: the most violent slave revolt in the United States in 1831. ||
 * 11. Thousands of slaves had success in escaping their slaveholders. || 11. The resistance of enslaved people made slavery continue to spread. ||

Northerner Eli Whitney brought over his ideas presented in the North, and introduced them to the southerners in the South. His cotton gin was truly taking over the whole economy by making the processing of cotton more useful, inexpensive, and reliable. His machine was simply a device used for removing seeds from short-staple cotton. The law that protected Whitney's invention of the new cotton gin still protects the rights of inventors in today's society and is a major impact on America. Because of his invention, more and more cotton production and large scale farmers increased along with the number of slaves used to produce the new product. Soon, all farmers began to abandoned all other crops except for cotton, making over two million pounds in 1791 to about a billion pounds in 1860. As the cotton belt (an area of high cotton production) grew, farmers continued trying to improve this new profitable cash crop. People started to believe that without the production of cotton, the entire economy would fail. Saying that, cotton was named "King" and changed the lifes of many homestyle Americans during this time.
 * Economic: What ideas were used throughout the cotton industry to make an impact on the economy?**

__** Negotiating Learning Choices: **__

**Sources**: R. Freeman, Frank.(2001). Gangrene and Glory: Medical Care During the American Civil War. New Jersey: Farleigh Dickinson. / The Civil War Society's "Encyclopedia of the Civil War" Medical Care, Battle Wounds, and Disease. http://www.civilwarhome.com/civilwarmedicine.htm/ (May 2011). **Answer**:In the beginning of the Civil War, the US Army had 98 surgeons and assistants int he medical corporation. Most of the time these doctors were rarely called physicians like today because it was very uncommon back then. No one knew what a stethoscope, laryngoscope, or opthamalscope was ir what it;s purpose showed. The main pain killer drug was morphine and was applied by rubbing or dusting into the wound of a soldier. Sometimes instead of morphine, the surgeons would use opium pills in which the patient would become addicted to in lack of knowing what addiction was. As time progressed, more and more casualities resulted from these harsh wars. The chances of surviving at times like these was one out of every four soldiers. Something had to be done. It needed to be done in order to save our armies from massive losses on both sides. This is when amputations became effective and useful, occuring in three out of every four operations. Allow me to take you through the steps of a successful biopsy. First, the soldier was placed on a table made out of board between barrels and had a rag soaked with chloroform placed directly above his mouth and nose. Soon after the surgeon removed it, he gently cutt off the blood flow with a tourniquet and took a scalpel to slice the infected tissue. Using a hacksaw-like tool called a capital saw, the specialist sawed through the bone. Silk sutures (in North) or cotton sutures (in South) were then used to sew the remaining major arteries or veins together. The limb is placed in a pile where they are thrown out at the end of the day. Normally this process takes 15 minutes, so that the next soldier can be treated for battle.
 * Marvelous Medicine: Determine how medicine was practiced back then and compare it to today. Also discover the process of an amputation. **


 * Art: Describe how art was portrayed back in 1861, during the start of the Civil War.**
 * Sources:** The Artists' Blue book. Civil War Art. http://www.askart.com/askart/interest/civil_war_art_1.aspx?id=40/ (May 2011). / Paul Strain, John. (2002). Witness to the Civil War: The Art of John Paul Strain. New York: Killy Crock-son.
 * Answer:** Artists such as Conrad Wise Chapman, Edward Lamson Henry, and Theodore Kaufman were important in the state of art during 1861 through 1862. They drew, painted, and sketched multiple battle scenes but still couldn't show the arduous terror many soldiers faced. Some drawings displayed camp life and the silent moments in the army when going into battle. It isn't surprising that the Confederates didn't have many works considering the artists like to display the winning side of the battle and the Union won the war. Edwin Forbes, a landscape painter and illustrator, was actually one out of many that could cover the entire war itself. It is sad to know that today, most of these works have vanished due to lost to torch and looting. Hopefully, Americans will seek and find the ones that are still alive, for they hold one of the most powerful parts of history.


 * Battle: Analyze an important battle; including its generals, casualties, date, outcome, and it's importance.**
 * Sources:** History.Com. First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) http://www.history.com/topics.battle-of-first-bull-run/ (May 2011). / Detzer, David. (2004). Donnybrook: The Battle of Bull Run, 1861. Orlando, Library of Congress.
 * Answer:** On July 21, in 1861, the first major battle of this Civil War broke out between the Rebs and the Federals. With Irvin McDowell in charge for the Union, about thirty-five thousand troops marched from Washington D.C. to sabotage the confederates along a small river called Bull Run. On the other hand, the twenty thousand Confederate men were ready and loaded to stop the North from advancing; led by Piewe G.T. Beauregard. When attending arrival, both sides clashed violently near the Manassas Junction in Virginia. This is why most of the South decided to name this battle "Battle of Manassas". Over two hours had passed and the two thousand Federals gradually pushed four thousand-five hundred Rebels back across Warrington turnpike. Continuously, the Union and Confederates attacked and counterattacked each other near Henry House Hill. Joseph E. Johnston, a leader in the South, ordered more troops to arrive while the Federals soon begin to crumble. After a matter of time, both forces had equal number of men on the battlefield (about eighteen-thousand). With the famous rebel yell, the south suddenly broke the Union line, making everything and everyone become disorganized and out of control. The North began to retreat, for they knew that there was no way of conquering this combat. As the results stand still of this painful engagement, three thousand men supporting the Union had died, were injured, or captured by the South. The Confederates had one thousand, seven hundred-fifty causalities amount but, obtained the victory of this well known battle.